What is invention? (What activities did the writer have to engage in to create the text?)
- The book was cited a few times, mostly Chapter 1
- History of speech and how it changes with the times
- Hands on experience with White and Black speech
- Examples of the different variations of speech
- Langston Hughes



What is being invented? (What ideas, practices, arguments, etc. are created by the text?)
- Black english is not just bad grammar, that it is itself it's own language with correct grammar
- Different forms of past tense, not like White english
- One form, or standard, is not the only language that can be practiced
- Provide examples where Black english is used correctly





What is being arranged? (What is being put into relationship to what?)
- Old Black english to the newer language of the time
- White to Black speech
- Standard english's grammar to the Black english's grammar
- Africanized language to Americanized language
- Sense and voice is just as good as correct grammar



What is arrangement? (How are things being put in relation to one another?)
- Use of examples
- Contrasting two languages
- Specific use of grammar


What is revised? (What is the writer trying to change (e.g. what ideas, practices, etc.)?)
- Justify the use of Black english as any other language
- Notice the differences of Black speech
- Teach the correct usage of "be" and other grammar
- A good message is just as good as using proper grammar



What is revision? (What strategies are engaged specifically to help the writer achieve the revisions?)
- Using experiences of his own speaking the two languages
- Use of opinions of well known writers
- Real-life examples of Black and White english